Dr. Rupert Kaul is an Associate Professor in the Departments of Medicine and Immunology at the University of Toronto, and Director of the Division of Infectious Disease. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Dr. Kaul’s laboratory is interested in the immuno-epidemiologic correlates of HIV susceptibility and progression, with a focus on the mucosal immunology of the female genital tract, foreskin, semen, and rectum. Specific areas of study include: innate and adaptive cervical immunity and HIV acquisition; the impact of genital infections and their therapy on mucosal and systemic immunology; the epidemiology of HIV and co-infections in HIV-affected communities in Toronto; HIV antiretroviral therapy and genital HIV levels; the effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on immunology and bacterial translocation in the sigmoid colon; and functional T cell subsets in the foreskin and their relationship to HIV acquisition.