Our research group has two areas of clinical investigation - phantom limb pain following amputation and concussion.  Phantom pain is due to a combination of both peripheral and central nervous system changes following limb amputation.  Our treatment approach as been based upon using visual feedback either from mirror therapy (observing the moving image of the intact hand or foot) or direct observation of another person's limbs moving.  We are using functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate changes in the brain before and after mirror therapy as well as examining whether there are genes which could be linked to persistence or prevention of onset of pain.  Our concussion studies seek to determine ways to improve early detect of concussion and examine the utility of neurocognitive testing after injury.